Grapes: A simple fruit with an impressive list of health benefits

10/02/2024 / By Olivia Cook

Grapes have been cherished by civilizations for thousands of years. From ancient Egyptians and Greeks to modern-day tables, grapes have been enjoyed fresh from the vine, freeze-dried, pressed into juice or fermented into wine, symbolizing abundance and life.

The ability of grapes to thrive in various climates – from warm Mediterranean regions to colder winters – makes them a constant presence year-round. But beyond their history and versatility, grapes are a nutritional powerhouse that offer an impressive list of health benefits.

Often called “nature’s candy” for their natural sweetness, grapes are packed with nutrients that can help protect your body from a wide range of health conditions. They contain a mix of natural phytocompounds, essential vitamins, minerals and antioxidants – all of which work together to support overall health.

Rich in nutrients

A cup of grapes (about 151 grams) provides vitamin K (18 percent of your daily value or DV), which plays a key role in blood clotting and bone health. You’ll also get a dose of vitamin C (five percent of DV), known for its immune-boosting properties and vitamin E (two percent of DV), which supports skin health and acts as an antioxidant.

The B vitamins in grapes, including thiamine (B1, riboflavin (B2) and pyridoxine (B6), help your body convert food into energy, support brain health and maintain proper function of the nervous system.

Grapes are also an excellent source of minerals such as copper (21 percent of DV), essential for the formation of red blood cells, potassium (six percent of DV, which helps control blood pressure and manganese (five percent of DV), crucial for bone health and metabolism.

Antioxidant powerhouse

One of the key reasons grapes are so beneficial for health is their high concentration of antioxidants. These naturally occurring compounds play a vital role in protecting your cells from damage caused by harmful molecules known as free radicals. When free radicals accumulate, they can lead to oxidative stress, which is linked to chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and even cancer.

What makes grapes particularly remarkable is that they contain over 1,600 different plant compounds, many of which have potent antioxidant properties. These include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, polyphenols, proanthocyanidins and stilbenes – names you might not hear every day, but they are critical for keeping your body’s cells healthy.

The antioxidants in grapes are largely found in their skins and seeds, which is why you often hear that red grapes (and red wine are particularly good for you. Red grapes owe their rich color to anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid that gives fruits their vibrant blue, orange, pink, red and purple hues.

Grapes also contain two highly praised antioxidants – resveratrol (stilbene) and quercetin (flavonol). These compounds have been studied for their potential to lower blood sugar, protect against heart disease and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. Resveratrol, in particular, has gained attention for its anti-aging properties as it helps to reduce inflammation and protect your cells from damage.

Supports brain health and cognitive function

A 12-week study published in Frontiers in Pharmacology involving more than 100 older adults found that a daily grape supplement of 250 mg led to notable improvements in attention, language skills and memory.

In younger adults, research in the European Journal of Nutrition demonstrated that consuming 230 ml of grape juice accelerated memory-related tasks and enhanced mood within just 20 minutes.

Additionally, a study in Scientific Reports suggests that resveratrol may reduce brain inflammation and help eliminate amyloid-beta peptide – a protein associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease.

Helps combat cancer

Grapes are rich in potent antioxidants like anthocyanins, catechins and quercetin, which help combat cancer. Research has shown promising results, with a study published in Translational Oncology revealing that grape extracts can inhibit the growth and spread of human breast and colon cancer cells in lab tests and animal studies.

Human trials also show encouraging outcomes. In a study published in Nutrition Journal, adults over 50 who consumed 150 to 450 grams of grapes daily for two weeks exhibited a reduction in markers associated with colon cancer risk.

Further evidence highlights the benefits of polyphenol proanthocyanidins – compounds in grapes that offer protection against cancers of the bladder, cervix, liver and prostate. This was supported by findings from a 2022 study published in Foods.

Another standout antioxidant, resveratrol, has demonstrated the ability to interfere with all stages of cancer development. A 2023 review published in Nutrients suggests that resveratrol, present in both red grapes and red wine, lowers the risk of cancers like breast cancer, colorectal cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma – making moderate red wine consumption a potentially protective habit.

Supports heart health

Research shows that grapes can support cardiovascular function in several ways.

Grapes are a good source of potassium, offering about six percent of your daily needs in just one cup. Potassium is essential for regulating blood pressure; it helps relax blood vessels – allowing blood to flow more easily and reducing the strain on your heart. In addition to that, potassium helps your body get rid of excess sodium, further protecting against high blood pressure. However, balance is key; a review of 32 studies published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that both too much and too little potassium could increase blood pressure.

Grapes are also rich in polyphenols that help protect against high cholesterol. Studies have shown that these compounds can lower LDL (bad) cholesterol by decreasing its absorption in the intestines. An 8-week study involving people with high cholesterol found that consuming 3 cups of red grapes daily significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol levels. Interestingly, white grapes didn’t have the same effect, likely because red grapes have higher concentrations of resveratrol.

Reduces insulin resistance

Moreover, grapes contain compounds that may enhance insulin sensitivity, A review of 29 studies published in Phytotherapy Research found that both grapes and grape supplements significantly reduced insulin resistance – partly due to resveratrol, which helps by boosting glucose receptor activity on cell membranes; enhancing insulin production; increasing insulin sensitivity; lowering insulin resistance and protecting insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

Supports gut health

With grapes containing 81 percent water, they are a great choice for staying hydrated and supporting regular digestion. Proper hydration helps maintain smooth bowel movements and can reduce the risk of constipation, which is often characterized by infrequent stools and a sense of incomplete evacuation.

The fiber found in whole grapes is also another digestive booster. Unlike fruit juices, whole fruits like grapes are known to help alleviate constipation by speeding up the passage of stool through the digestive tract – increasing stool weight and promoting more frequent bowel movements. A study published in Frontiers in Nutrition indicates that a higher intake of fruits like grapes can positively impact gut health by influencing gut bacteria, improving stool consistency and boosting stood frequency, which can be especially beneficial for those experiencing functional constipation.

Supports eye health

Grapes are packed with beneficial plant compounds that promote eye health, including provitamin A carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and a bit of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). These nutrients work together to improve visual performance, maintain eye health and help prevent age-related eye diseases,

Research published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences highlights the protective effects of resveratrol on retinal cells against ultraviolet A (UVA) light. This protection may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration – a leading cause of vision loss.

Additionally, a review in Nutrients suggests that resveratrol may offer protection against eye conditions, such as cataracts, diabetic eye disease and glaucoma.

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